In this review we summarize the latest research in the use of mesenchymal stem cells in transplantation for generalized diseases, local implantation for local tissue defects, and as a vehicle for genes in gene therapy protocols. Objective: To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications. Finally, mesenchymal stem cells seem to be not only hypoimmunogenic and thus be suitable for allogeneic transplantation, but they are also able to produce immunosuppression upon transplantation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a hot topic in the development of cell therapies and bioengineering. Furthermore, given the ease of their isolation and their extensive expansion rate and differentiation potential, mesenchymal stem cells are among the first stem cell types that have a great potential to be introduced in the clinic. Because MSC were found to have the ability to differentiate into cells of multiple organs and systems such as bone, fat, cartilage, muscle, neurons, hepatocytes and insulin-producing cells, MSCs have generated a great deal of interest for their potential use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In recent years, stem cells have been employed in regenerative medicine with interesting results due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Bone regeneration is one of the main topics of concern in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal cells produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) that. The regeneration of bone fractures, resulting from trauma, osteoporosis or tumors, is a major problem in our super-aging society. These are multipotent stem cells that differentiate as progenitor cells for all types of connective tissue, such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts and preadipocytes. Large-scale expansion of highly functional adult human mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs) remains technologically challenging as aMSCs lose self renewal capacity and multipotency during traditional long-term culture and their quality/quantity declines with donor age and disease. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the biology of adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their potential in maxillofacial. ![]() ![]() Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated not only from bone marrow, but also from many other tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, brain and pancreas. Mesenchymal cells are small spindle-shaped cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli and fine chromatin.
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